Tuesday 19 December 2017

Gujarat Election 2017 - How Gujarat voted in Reserved Constituencies ?


Gujarat has 39 reserved constituencies for SC and ST, spread across Ahmedabad, Banaskantha, Bharuch, Bhavnagar, Dahod, Dang, Jamnagar, Junagarh, Kutch, Mehsana, Narmada, Navsari, Panchmahal, Rajkot, Sabarkantha, Surat, Surendranagar, Vadodara and Valsad districts (19 districts).
Among which INC and their allies increased their victory margins and wrestled constituencies from BJP in 13 constituencies, while in 9 constituencies, their victory margins dropped.
BJP increased its victory margin and wrestled constituencies from INC in 12 constituencies, while in 4 constituencies their victory margins dropped.
These constituencies as said earlier are spread across 19 districts across 5 regions namely, North, South and Central Gujarat, Kutch and Saurashtra.
Central Gujarat:
* In Ahmedabad District, BJP and INC increased their respective margins and won a constituency each.
* In Bharauch District, INC ally BTP won the constituency. (INC +).
* In Dahod District, out of 5 constituencies, INC wrestled a seat from BJP, saw their victory margins erode in other two seats while BJP saw their margin erode in a seat meanwhile substantially increasinging their victory margin in another. (INC +).
* In Narmada District, INC wrestled a seat from BJP and INC ally BTP wrestled a seat from BJP (INC +).
* In Panchmahal district, out of two seats, a seat was won by an independent and in another seat, BJP wrestled a seat from INC. (BJP +).
* In Vadodara district, out of three seats, 2 seats were wrestled by BJP and INC from one another, and in another one, BJP saw its victory margin elevated marginally. (BJP +)
North Gujarat:
* In Banaskantha District, INC saw its victory margin drop marginally in a seat, with another being the important Vadgam seat won by Independent candidate Jignesh Mewani, which was previously the seat held by INC. (INC +).
* In Mehsana District, BJP wrestled a seat from INC. (BJP +).
* In Sabarkantha District, INC saw its victory margin fall drastically in two seats, while BJP marginally increased their victory margin in a seat. (INC +).
South Gujarat Region:
* In Navsari District, INC saw its victory margin erode in a seat, while BJP increased their victory margin drastically in another.
* In Dang District, INC saw its victory margin drop to three digits in a seat, making the election a closely fought one. (INC +)
* In Surat District, out of 6 seats, BJP increased their victory margin in two seats while they saw it erode in one seat. INC wrestled a seat from BJP, saw their victory margin increase in one seat and decrease in another.
* In Valsad district, out of three seats, BJP wrestled a seat from INC in a seat and saw their victory margin increase in another. INC saw its victory margin drop in a seat. (BJP +)
Saurashtra Region:
* In Bhavnagar district, INC wrestled a seat from BJP (INC +)
* In Jamnagar district, INC wrestled a seat from BJP (INC +)
* In Junagarh district, INC wrestled a seat from BJP (INC +)
* In Rajkot district, BJP saw its victory margin reduce appreciably in a seat (BJP +)
* In Surendranagar, INC wrestled a seat from BJP (INC +)
INC swept the reserved constituencies in Saurashtra region, by having effectively wrestled 4 seats from BJP. BJP saw its victory margin reduce appreciably in a seat.
Kutch Region:
In Kutch district, BJP saw their victory margin marginally erode (BJP +) in a seat.
Out of 39 reserved constituencies, 13 seats are reserved for SC and 26 for ST. Among 13 seats reserved for SC, BJP won 7 seats while INC and their allies won 6 seats. The notable factor here is that, out of 6 seats won by INC and their allies, 4 seats were wrestled from BJP and incidentally, these seats are from Saurashtra region. Among 26 seats for ST, INC and its allies won 16 seats, while BJP won 9.

Friday 6 October 2017

Palnati Vira Charithra - The Story of Palnadu War at Karempudi

Participants of Palnadu War - 1 (Chagi Potaraju)


Gudimetta village comes alive with Chagi discovery (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/vijayawada/gudimetta-village-comes-alive-with-chagi-discovery/articleshow/53866348.cms)

About 14 kilometres away from Nandigama in Krishna district is Gudimetta, a nondescript village on the banks of river Krishna. The village where the residents now predominantly depend on agriculture has a historical significance. But much to the chagrin of historians and heritage conservators, the area has been at the receiving end of utter neglect of the officials.

The village once served as the capital of Chagi dynasty during 11th and 13th centuries, a fact which many of the residents are unaware of. Not just the remains of Chagis, those of Kakatiyas and Vijayanagara dynasties which date back to 13th and 16th centuries respectively are also a common sight.

It is said that Chagi Potaraju (1150-1182 AD) fortified Gudimetta and fought in the Palnadu war. After the Chagis, the area was annexed by the Kakatiyas as attested by the Visweswara temple built in typical Kakatiya style, which was dismantled and reconstructed recently.

Explorations in the area have often revealed interesting information pertaining to the historicity of the place. "Most of the villages in Nandigama region are replete with ancient temples, sculptures, inscriptions and other heritage structures which are at least a 1,000-year-old," said E Sivanagi Reddy, archaeologist and sculptor.

In an exploration held on Thursday too, Sivanagi Reddy, who is also chief executive officer of Cultural Centre of Vijayawada and Amaravati (CCAV), spotted stone sculptures and inscrptions belonging to Chagi chiefs and Kakatiyas on the outskirts of the village.
"We identified Kakatiya sculptures called 'Saptamatrika' and 'Bhairava'. While the former is carved on black granite, the latter is carved on a temple model in a 'tribhanga' pose. Both these sculptures testify the Kakatiya occupation of this area," Sivanagi Reddy explained.

These sculptures are also attested by inscription found in a local mosque which dates back 1268 AD during the regnal period of Rudramadevi. The inscription recorded donations made by the rulers to the Viswanatha temple.

A total of two temples, 25 sculptures, including Mahishasuramardini, Ganesa, Shanmuka, Nagadevatas, Anjaneya and three inscriptions were spotted in neglect in the exploration. All these date back to period between 11th and 18th centuries.

Another interesting fact pertaining to the village is that the British had documented the presence of the sculptures and inscriptions in 1870s. It is said that Robert Sewell, who was a civil servant and historian during Madras colonial rule, visited the place and reported the presence of the historical relics. Later, when Gordon McKenzie, the collector of Krishna district during 1880s, documented the history of Krishna district, he included the details in the manual he drafted.

When enquired with the locals, they said they were unaware of the fact that their village played an important role in the history. "Even though we often read that relics are often found in the village in newspapers, we are not aware of the significance of our village," said P Nageswara Rao, a retired lecturer.

Historians claimed that the historicity of the village dates back to 11th to 18th century AD, but has been neglected. "Even though the government and archaeology department area aware of the presence of the historical elements, they have been neglected. That is the reason we held the exploration so that the contemporary generations, which are completely unaware of the heritage, will know its importance," Sivanagi Reddy said.

He called for the protection and preservation of the heritage structures.

Interestingly, the exploration of CCAV has resulted in the discovery of a copper coin belonging to Qutb Shahi dating back to the period between to 11th - 13th century, attesting the fact that the region was under the rule of Qutb Shahis.
Sivanagi Reddy along with secretary of Vijayawada Buddha Vihara Subhakar Medasani, under 'preserve the heritage for posterity' campaign, interacted with the villagers and sensitised them about the heritage of the village.


Who is Chagi Potaraju ?

Pota 1 (1161-1190 A.D.) His daughter Prolama Devi was married of to the Natavadis. He was an ally of the Palnadu Haihayas, participated in the civil war and battle at Karempudi (1178-1186) on the side of the elder line Nalakama. One version of Palnati Vira Charitra mentions that Sagi Potamaraju, minister Satya, Gundamadeva, and Gobburaju and others came with a vast infantry, (288,000) to join Nalakama in the war. Sagipota is king Pota 1. He must have met Choda II and Gonka III, Kota Bhima II and Keta II, Natavadi Durga and the Kakatiya armies as allies. Pota I survive the Karempudi battle which is evident from the fact that his inscriptions range up to A.D. 1190.


Who are Chagis ?

The Chagi dynasty owed nominal allegiance to the Cholas, the Kakatiyas and the Gajapatis. The rulers were warriors and administrators and de facto independent rulers. Their kingdom was fairly large and made significant political achievements compared to other dynasties in Vengi at the time. They had their own coinage and contracted diplomatic alliances of marriage with the Kakatiyas and the Kondapadamati chiefs of Durjaya clan, Haihayas of Palnadu and the Telugu Cholas.

Aftermath of Palnadu War.

The Kakatiya contemporary of Chagi Pota was Ganapati. The Palnad war which affected adversely the kingdoms in Vengi was followed by Rudra I’s invasion of Vengi. Ganapati continued Rudra’s policy of expeditions and conquests. The Kakatiya influence in Vengi was growing steadily though perhaps imperceptibly. From one of the last inscriptions dated A.D. 1230 of Pota 11 and Ganapaya, it is clear that a servant of Somaya Sahini made gifts the very next year in A.D. 1231 at Navabpet.This is an unmistakable sign of Kakatiya encroachment into Chagi kingdom for Somaya Sahini was none other than a general of Ganapati. There is no evidence showing either Pota’s opposition or submission to the invader. Joint rule with Ganapaya was a precautionary measure against the Kakatiya inroads.

Velanati Chola of Tsandavole:

The Haihayas must have continued their subordination to Gonka III as they did to Choda II. The Civil War in Palnad between Nalagama and his cousins lasted from A.D, 1176 to 1182. No doubt this war absorbed Gonka’s attention and affected the resources of his kingdom and encouraged Rudradeva of the Kakatiyas to invade Velanandu towards the close of Gonka Ill’s reign.

Bhima of Kota (BHIMA II AD 1156-1188):

The Haihaya ruler in Palnad was Nalagama in this period. The civil war between him and his step brothers lasted from A.D. 1178 to 1185. Bhima and his son sided Nalagama in this war. Probably reason for this was that Bhima was related to Velanandu Choda II and Gonka III, who were related, in their turn, to Nalagama. The Kotas and the Haihayas were political allies. For, Bhima was one of the kings to whom. Invitations were sent by Nalagama to come and join him at Kerempudi with their armies.Bhima promptly responded by sending armies under the lead of prince Kota. Kota was one of the ambassadors sent by Nalagama to Pedamallideva, Bhima does not seem to have survived die battle of Karempudi.

The Telugu Chola contemporaries of Bhima were Nanni Choda II (A.D. 1151-1160) and Kamana Choda (A.D. 1160- 1187) at Kondidena Somes vara (A.D. 1157 and Mallideva III AD 1157) and Mallideva IV at Pottapi, and M.P. C. Siddha (A.D. 1175-1192) at Nellore.

The Chola emperors in this period were Rajaraja II (A.D. 1150-1163) and Rajadhiraja II (A.D. 1163-1179).

Bhima*s allegiance to the Cholas is evidenced from his inscriptions. His earliest record mentions Rajendra chola probably identical with Rajaraja II. The Kaifiyat of Pedaganjam mentions that “Kota Bhima ruled over those parts but his kingdom was conquered by Kulottunga Chola. Kulottunga was probably Kulottunga III whose rule began in A.D. 1178. Much value may be attached to this invasion of Kulottunga into the Kota territories as it is supported by inscriptions. Probably Bhima rebelled and was subdued by Kulottunga II and remained to the Cholas for the rest of his reign. His loyalty to the Cholas is attested by his title — Chodakatasamantabenkolva.

War at Karempudi (Palnadu War)

The chronicle of Palnadu enumerates the names of many chiefs who participated in the battle, the identity of some of whom South Indian History enable us to arrive at the date of the battle approximately. On Mallideva’s side were Komma, father of Alaraju, Attararajulu, kings of solar race, and several subordinate chiefs whose family names are enumerated in Viracharitra.

Nalakama is said to have sent letters to many kings asking them to come and join him in the war with their armies to which most of them responded. Among them were Velanantichoda II, Bhima II of Dharanikota,ruler of Solanki, Uragasena — probably a Naga chieftain, Erukukama, the ruler of the seven mades (?), kings of Ponnalla, Prodole, Katakadhipati i.e. Balodeva Purushottaman ruler of Orissa, Kalavaraya, Telugu princes of Devadri, king Pedabaha, Bhimasena, the Chola prince Suryakumara, Jayadeva, Jayasinga, ruler of Chandrdavi, Viraballana i.e. Hoysala Virabellala II (A.D. 1173 — 1220), Aravasinga, rulers of Kahnata and Balgala and Sagi Potaraja of Gudimetta, Komma was the son of Sovideva (A.D. 1167 — 76) of the Kalachuryas, Prataparudra
is Rudra I of the Kakatiyas. Besides these, Kotaketa, son of Bhima II, Gonka III, son of Choda II participated in the battle at Karempudi and Rudradeva invaded Vengi in A.D. 1186.

Nalakama’s armies were commanded by his brother Narasiraha and Pedaraalli’s by Balachandra, son of Brahma. The battle lasted for three days. Viracharitra describes the battle in its successive stages most graphically and the hero was Balachandra. On Balachandra’s death the command of Mallideva’s armies was assumed by Kalachuri Komma on the third day and he too was slain.

The civil war in Palnad and the Karampudi battle resulted in the immediate destruction of the wealth of the country in men and money. The Haihaya kingdom in Palnad ended thus though the heroes of war are immortalised in the minds of the masses, in literature and architecture of the country and were deified in course of time This war, hastened the fall of the Velanandu kingdom and other minor powers in Vengi and brought in its train the invasion of Rudradeva in A.D. 1186.

Source:

The History of Andhra Country (1000 A.D. to 1500 A.D.) by Yashoda Devi.

Thursday 5 October 2017

நிகண்டுகளில் 'சோழ' என்ற வார்த்தை பிரயோகம்

நிகண்டுகளில் 'சோழ' என்ற வார்த்தை பிரயோகம் நிகழும் இடங்கள்.

வட மலை நிகண்டு (http://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/utf8/pmuni0113.html)
தொகுப்பு : ஈஸ்வர பாரதி

ககர ஓகார வருக்கம் கீழ்,

கோர மெனும்பெயர் கொடுமையும் வட்டிலும்
சோழன் குதிரையுஞ் சொல்லப் பெறுமே  ----- 608

கோழி யெனும்பெயர் சோழ னுறையூரும்
ஆண்டலைப் புள்ளு மாமென வுரைப்பர். ....614

மகர ஆகார வருக்கம்

மாலெனும் பெயர்திரு மாலொடு மதிமகன்
காரிநிற வலாரியுங் காற்றொடு சோழனும்
கண்குத்திப் பாம்பும் கருமையும் பெருமையும்
மயக்கமும் விருப்பும் கண்ணே ணியுமாகும். ....1221


சூடாமணி நிகண்டு (http://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/utf8/pmuni0118.html)
மூலம் : மண்டல புருடர்

ரகரயெதுகை

169 (6)
ஆரமே பதக்கம் முத்தம் ஆத்தி சந்தனமே மாலை
வார நீக்கரையே யன்பு மலைச்சாரல் கிழமை பங்காம்
தாரம் வல்லிசை நா வெள்ளி தலைவி யோரிசை கண்ணென்ப
கோரஞ் சோழன்மா வட்டில் கொடுமை பூமொட்டு வாசி.

203 (40)
ஆரியர் மிலோச்சர் நல்லோர் ஆனென்ப யடைச்சொலாவாம்
ஆரியே கதவு சோழன் அழொடு மேன்மைக்கும் பேர்
காருகர் தந்து வாயர் கடுங்கொலையாளர் வண்ணார்
தாரகாரியென்ப காளி சண்முகந் தானுமாமே

னகரயெதுகை

298 (7)
வன்னியே பிரமசாரி வளர்கிளி சமி செந்தீயாம்
சென்னி கம் பாணன் சோழன் சீரு ளீயஞ் செம்பாகும்
கன்னி பெண் ணழிவிலாமை கட்டிளமைக்கும் பேரே
தென் னிசை வனப்புத் தாழை தெற்கொடு கற்பு மாமே


பிங்கலமுனிவர் செய்த பிங்கலந்தையென்னும் "பிங்கல நிகண்டு" 
பாகம் 1 (சூத்திரங்கள் 1-1101) (http://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/utf8/pmuni0515_01.html)

ஐந்தாவது : ஆடவர்வகை (726-1101)

747. சோழன் பெயர் - சென்னி வளவன் செம்பியன் கிள்ளி - பொன்னித் துறைவன் புலிக்கொடி யோன்மால் - கோழிவேந்த னேரி விற்ப - னாரின கண்ணிய னேரிய னபயன் - சூரியன்புனனாடன் சோழன்பெயரே (22)

748. மற்றுஞ்சோழன் பெயர் - கேசவ னென்பது மாங்கவன்மாற்றே

749. கொடிகுதிரையின் பெயர் - கொடியே வயப்புலி புரவி சோரம்

ஐந்தாவது - ஆடவர்வகை / பெயர்ப்பிரிவு

747. சோழன் பெயர் - சென்னி வளவன் செம்பியன் கிள்ளி பொன்னித்துறைவன் புலிக்கொடியோன் மால் கோழிவேந்தன் நேரிவெற்பன் ஆரின்கண்ணியன் நேரியன் அபயன் சூரியன் புனனாடன் (14)

748. மற்றுஞ்சோழன் பெயர் - கேசவன் (1) ஆக (15)

749. கொடிகுதிரையின் பெயர் - கொடி - புலி=புரவி - கோரம்

பிங்கலமுனிவர் செய்த பிங்கலந்தையென்னும் "பிங்கல நிகண்டு" - பாகம் 3 (சூத்திரங்களும் அவற்றின் பெயர்ப்பிரிவும்)  (http://www.projectmadurai.org/pm_etexts/utf8/pmuni0521_01.html

எட்டாவது - மாப்பெயர்வகை

2451. சோழன்குதிரைப்பெயர்--கோர மென்பது சோழ னூர்மா. (140)

Monday 20 June 2016

#அட்டகத்தி #கலிங்கத்துப்பரணி

படை பெருத்ததால் பார் சிறுத்ததோ
பார் சிறுத்ததால் படை பெருத்ததோ

ஜெயங்கொண்டார் , கலிங்கத்துப்பரணியில் இதைச் சொன்னாலும் சொன்னார் , மேடைக்கு மேடை , பார்த்தாயா தமிழனின் புஜ பல பராக்ரமத்தை என்று கொக்கரிப்பு எங்கும் .

விஷயத்துக்கு வருவோம் . தமிழகத்தில் ஆட்சி செய்த மன்னன் , குலோத்துங்கன். அவன்  ஏன் கலிங்கம் மீது போர் தொடுத்தான் என்ற கேள்வி பொதுவாக கேட்கப்படுவதில்லை . Iron Man , Hulk , வீரபாண்டிய கட்டபொம்மன் போன்ற கற்பனை வீரசாகச படங்களை பார்த்து வளர்ந்த சமூகம்  போரிற்கான விலையை யோசிப்பதில்லை . போர் என்பது ஏதோ , தொடையை தட்டி என் மச்சினிச்சிக்கு மஞ்சள் அரைத்தாயா , என்னை எதிர்க்க உங்களிடம் திராணி இருக்கிறதா போன்ற உப்பு பெறாத கேள்விகளை கேட்பது என்று எண்ணுகிறார்கள் . அவர்களைச் சொல்லியும் குற்றமில்லை . நாம் வளரும்பொழுது , நமக்கு கூறப்பட்ட கற்பிதங்கள்  அப்படி . அது தான் அவர்களை நரம்பு புடைக்க பேசும் எவரையும் நம்ப வைக்கிறது , நயமாய் பொய் சொன்னாலும் , உரக்கச்  சொன்னால் அதற்காக உயிரை கொடுக்க வைக்கிறது .

ஆக , குலோத்துங்கன் ஏன் கலிங்கம் மீது போர் தொடுத்தான் , யார் மீது போர் தொடுத்தான் ?

அவன் போர் தொடுத்தது , ஆனந்தவர்மன் சோட கங்கன் மீது. இன்னும் தெளிவாய் கூறவேண்டுமானால் , ஆனந்தவர்மன் சோட கங்கனின் தாய் வழி மாமன் முதலாம் குலோத்துங்கன் . காரணம் , வரி கட்டாதது .

ஆக , இரத்த சம்பந்தம் கொண்ட இரண்டு உறவினர்கள் அடித்துக்கொண்டு , பின்னர் படை பெருத்ததால் பார் சிறுத்ததோ , பார் சிறுத்ததால் படை பெருத்ததோ  என்று உயர்வு நவிற்சி அணி சொட்ட சொட்ட நயமாய் மண்டப கவிஞரை கவி பாட வைத்திருக்கின்றனர் கலிங்கத்துப்பரணி என .

எனது கவலை , அந்த அத்துவான கலிங்க காட்டில் தங்கள் உயிர் நீத்த பெருத்த படை குறித்து , இந்த வரிகளை வீரத்தின் அடையாளமாய் நம்பிக்கொண்டிருக்கும் அண்ணனின் விழுதுகள் குறித்து .

இதை எழுதிய பின் , வரும் பெருத்த பயம் , கீழை கங்க நாட்டின் ஆனந்தவர்மன் சோட கங்கன் சோழ வம்சத்துடன் இரத்த சம்பந்தம் கொண்டிருந்த தகவலை இங்கு பதிந்தமையாலும் , அவன் தான் உலகப் புகழ் பெற்ற பூரி ஜெகந்நாதர் ஆலயத்தை எடுப்பித்து கட்டினான் என்ற வரலாற்று உண்மையினாலும் .

யாருக்கு தெரியும் . நாளையே தம்பிகளின் தம்பிகள் , நம்மில் இது எத்தனை பேருக்கு தெரியும் - கலிங்கம் ஆண்ட வீர பரம்பரை நம் சோழ பரம்பரை என்று WhatsApp  இல் களமாடினாலும் ஆச்சரியம் இல்லை . அகண்ட பாரதம் போல் அகண்ட தமிழகத்தை வென்றெடுப்போம் என்று இவர்கள் கிளம்பினாலும் ஆச்சர்யப்பட ஏதும் இல்லை .

அதுவும் சரி தான் . மெய்நிகர் உலகில், இணையத்தில் போர் செய்ய, புரட்சியை வித்திட எதற்கு வீரமெல்லாம் .

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